Mulheres estudantes universitárias em situação de violência de gênero e a rota crítica para o seu enfrentamento

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the critical path of female university students to face gender-based violence. A cross-sectional research was carried out, the sample consists of 1.469 female university students enrolled at the Federal University of Santa Maria in post-secondary, undergraduate and graduate technical courses, linked to the campuses of Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, Frederico Westphalen and Cachoeira do Sul, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire composed of three sections: sociodemographic and academic characterization; characterization of situations of violence, if any, and script for the description of the critical route, which was be distributed online through the institutional site on the Student Portal guide. There was printed and digital dissemination of the research to the academic population. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the PASW Statistic® program. The results demonstrate that UFSM students are white women (n= 1.188; 80,9%), heterosexual (n= 1.113; 75,8%), in the age group of 21 to 25 years (n= 596; 40,6 %), who are dating (n= 551; 37,5%), live with family members (n= 471; 32,1%) and do not have children (n= 1.242; 84,5%). Most of the sample studies on the Santa Maria campus (n= 1252; 85,2%), in undergraduate courses (n= 1.053; 71,7%) and is in the fourth year or more of the course (n= 431; 29,3%). Most of the students suffered gender violence throughout their lives (n= 900; 61,3%), with psychological violence being the most prevalent (n= 713; 79,2%) and the partners the most cited aggressors (n= 316; 35.11%). Part of the sample reported violence during the academic period (n= 417; 28,4%), mainly of a psychological type (n= 210; 50.3%) occurred in the first year of the course (n= 168; 31,7%). Most women who suffered gender violence told someone (n= 646; 77,6%), but did not seek help (n= 575; 63.0%) and did not know the services available to assist them in coping. (n= 556; 66,7%). The most cited sector of the critical path was the health sector (n= 139; 16,7%). Among those who sought help at the university, the most cited service was SATIE / PRAE (n= 18; 26,9%). Among women who sought help, the family was the most important point on the critical path (n= 135; 43,8%). There was a significant association between not experiencing gender violence at the university and not having an active sex life, being married, living with a partner, studying specialization, being 51 years old or more and being asexual, pansexual or not knowing / not informing sexual orientation. It is concluded that the majority of female university students do not start the critical path and are unaware of the services that can assist them in facing gender violence. The development of strategies to prevent gender-based violence among female university students is recommended.