Expansão da sojicultura sobre territórios da agricultura familiar nos municípios da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

With the globalization of the Green Revolution, large global conglomerates of agriculture and world food were formed. What we have established in this global world is a global network that reaches rural production: Multinational - Country – Cooperative or private company - Farmer. In this essay we analyze the case of soybean expansion over family farming territories, in the region of the Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana, in Rio Grande do Sul, were specifically analyzed the cases of family farmers from the cities with the largest soy production of the region, those are: Pinhal Grande, Restinga Sêca and Nova Palma. The methods used in the making of this research were: qualitative and historical dialectical materialism, as well as quantitative data, mainly gathered from Fundação de Economia e Estatística - FEE.It is noticeable that the consolidation of soy production in family farming changes the condition of these population‟s lifes, adopting practices differently from their ancestral and historical traits, such as keeping seeds and producing in harmony with nature, following practices aligned with the commodity world. In the case analyzed, we have the formation of a regional monopoly, correlated and maintained by the established capital structure, consolidating CAMNPAL, in the Cooperative - Family Farming relationship. Historically, the predominant agricultural crop in the studied region is rice, but since 2015, soybeans began to have a wider planted area, mainly replacing the crops of beans, tobacco and potatoes. In general, soybeans within the sphere of family farming work as an extra income, kept along with other productions, mainly dairy, with crop rotation between soy and pasture.The territorialization of soybeans in the region is important to the maintenance of family farmers on the countryside, but it also results in numerous problems to the local biodiversity and also to the farmers‟ health. Therefore, a relationship between Agribusiness - Family farming is established through mecanisms consolidated in a global level.