Estimativa do impacto das perdas devido ao uso inadequado da tecnologia de aplicação no manejo fitossanitário da cultura da soja

Abstract

Soybean are a culture of great commercial prominence in Brazil and the world, moving the economy and generating jobs. On the other hand, the crop still presents several challenges, when it comes to plant control of pests, diseases and invasive plants, since in its production several organisms capable of hindering production, bringing numerous losses. At the peak of soybean development is the time when the products and techniques used to control any diseases, weeds or pests should have better results, and phytosanitary control is necessary and essential to ensure that soybeans can express its full productive potential without further interference and the use of application technology in this process is essential, as it includes technical and scientific knowledge for the correct deposition of pesticides on the target to be controlled. However, application technology is still largely overlooked by producers, due to the lack of necessary knowledge or negligence in the application, which can cause losses that until then, its estimated percentage of efficiency loss in applications, was unknown. The use of statistical methods with systematic review using meta-analysis allowed us to estimate these losses and in this study allowed us to sum up new conclusions about the efficiency losses caused by misconceptions in pesticide applications in soybean, demonstrating that about 40% of product efficiency is lost in the area of disease control, 30% in the area of weeds control and approximately 27% of efficiency losses in the area of pest control, representing an estimated loss of more than US$ 920.2 Million, US$ 634.9 Million and US$ 595 Million, respectively. Of all pesticides applied in soybean, we are losing on average about 32% of control efficiency and precisely in the area of disease control, considering the different levels of the plant, the difference between the best and the worst treatment were, 51% at the lower level, 40% at the middle level and 34% at the top level of the plant. These data show the difficulties in reaching in the low parts of the soybean plant, in addition to the difficulty of reaching a homogeneity at all levels. The application of pesticides is an activity that demands attention in all its processes, both in the way products are being applied and the economic part of the entire application process, and there should be a planning of phytosanitary control to avoid productive and economic losses, in addition to environmental problems.