Tomada de decisão para operação de descompactação do solo com base em zonas de manejo

Abstract

In an increasingly competitive system, optimizing the use of available resources and obtaining profitability with sustainability in your rural business must be the focus of rural producers, research and rural extension. When we use the expression “physical soil quality”, we are referring to the physical capacity of the soil to sustain the full development of plants. The main cause of compaction in agricultural soils is the traffic of machines in operations of preparation, sowing, cultivation and harvesting, especially when the soil is too humid. Knowing the variability of soil attributes is an important tool in the context of precision agriculture. In this work, the delimitation of management zones was studied based on the mapping of the spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil as a tool for decision making for soil unpacking operation. Management zones were defined based on the spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil and the resistance to penetration in each defined management zone was characterized. The work was carried out in the municipality of Cachoeira do Sul, in a commercial area for the cultivation of grains under no-tillage system, under central pivot. A sample grid composed of 95 points with a regular spacing of 50 x 50 meters was established. These points served as a basis for collecting altitude data in relation to sea level, measuring soil resistance to penetration (RP, MPa) and samples for textural characterization (0-20 cm). The apparent electrical conductivity of the soil was measured using Falker Automação Agrícola's Terram® equipment. Based on CEa data, mangrove zones were delimited and soon afterwards, PR was measured within each zone in order to characterize each zone and identify the correlation between the CEa and PR measurements. It was possible to differentiate RP values from the zones generated based on the CEa variability. It was identified that the minimum number of zones should be three and the measurement of CEa should be performed when the soil has low moisture content.