Neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Antineoplastic chemotherapy represents the use of isolated or combined chemical substances in the treatment of malignant tumors, being considered one of the most important ways to fight cancer. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a clinical condition characterized by impairment of sensitive nerves and / or peripheral motors, which can have multiple causes. The main diseases that cause PN are repetitive strain injury, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatism, psoriasis, hypothyroidism, leprosy, heavy metal poisoning and it is also the adverse effect of certain medications such as some antimicrobials, statins and especially drugs antineoplastic. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a neurological syndrome that mainly affects patients undergoing treatment with antineoplastic agents such as taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel and cabazitaxel), platinum derivatives (oxaliplatin, cisplatin and carboplatin), bortezomib and vinca alkaloids (vimblastine, vincristine and vinorelbine). CIPN is the most frequent neurological complication, secondary to antineoplastic treatment and affects one third of patients, interfering with functionality and compromising quality of life. This NPIQ has different degrees of toxicity, varying according to the type of medication used, time of administration and cumulative dose. An integrative review was carried out on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and its effects on cancer patients using scientific articles published, over the past five years, in the databases SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library on Line), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Medical Literature Analysis (PubMed / MEDLINE) and Spanish Health Sciences Bibliographic Index (IBECS) according to the following eligibility criteria: studies dealing with NPIQ and its effects on cancer patients and possible prevention-related strategies and interventions, minimization and treatment of CIPNs, which included potentially neurotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment in scientific, national and international articles, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish and indexed in the databases in the last five years, including 2015 to the 2020. The final sample consisted of 10 studies published in the past 05 years. There was a small number of studies dealing with the topic, identifying the need to carry out studies of this type, due to the high incidence of NPIQ, so that prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies can be shared, with consequent improvement in quality. assistance. The more clinical practices / results are discussed, the greater the number of strategies to improve the quality of life of these patients.