Extração assistida por ultrassom de β-glucanos de Lentinula edodes utilizando solvente eutético e água

Abstract

Shiitake is a mushroom rich in β-glucan type polysaccharides, long-chain molecules that have antioxidant properties that are beneficial to human health, in addition to having isolated physical properties of interest to the food industry. In this way, the main objective of this study was to obtain shiitake β-glucans through ultrasound-assisted extraction. Preliminary tests were carried out to determine the temperature and the extraction time. Subsequently, a central composite rotational design (CCRD) varying the pulsation cycles and amplitude was performed where the yield and antioxidant activity of the extracts were obtained. Extractions were carried out using two solvents, water and a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride: glycerol). The best yields using eutectic solvent were 25.11 and 23.74% in 88.36% amplitude and 0.93 pulse cycle and 100% amplitude and 0.75 pulse cycle, respectively, while for water it was of 23.47 and 22.75% with 100% amplitude and 0.75 pulse cycle and 88.36% amplitude and 0.93 pulse cycle, respectively. Analyzes of total sugars, proteins, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were performed on the ethanol precipitated extracts, obtaining higher concentrations of sugars under the same conditions as the best yields, while proteins were better extracted at intermediate amplitudes using water and higher amplitudes with eutectic solvent. In addition, bands were found in the FT-IR similar to other studies that analyzed β-glucans. Thus, this study evaluated a eutectic solvent not used so far in the ultrasonic extraction of antioxidant compounds, demonstrating an alternative to obtain compounds with properties of interest to the food or pharmaceutical industry from shiitake outdated for human consumption.