Fatores relacionados à disfagia orofaríngea na sarcopenia em idosos – revisão sistemática

Abstract

Sarcopenia is the simultaneous loss of muscle mass and strength, it is a multifactorial injury caused by aging, muscle disuse, inadequate nutrition and various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the consequences of sarcopenia caused in the muscles that are involved in swallowing. The severity of the swallowing disorder, the need for prompt recognition and effective treatment, is a challenge both for the health impact and for the absence of infections and lung penetrations and bronchoaspiration or malnutrition. Objective: To evaluate and synthesize evidence on factors related to oropharyngeal dysphagia in sarcopenia in the elderly. Method: Conduct a systematic literature review of articles published in Cochrane, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria such as presenting the text available in its entirety without time and language limitations, presenting the approach to oropharyngeal dysphagia and sarcopenia and as exclusion criteria; studies that did not elect the proposal, expert opinions, dissertations, theses, monographs and reviews. The guiding question of the study was; What dysphagia-related factors exist in elderly people with sarcopenia? Nine studies were selected. Results: The main factors related between dysphagia and sarcopenia were the reduction of tongue muscle mass, activity of daily living (ADL) and malnutrition. Conclusion: It was possible to observe among the determining factors the nutritional status, present dependence in activities of daily living, low tongue pressure, reduced orofacial muscle mass and reduced oral intake level.