Desenvolvimento dos bancos no Brasil: um olhar sobre a recessão econômica de 2014

Abstract

The present study seeks to analyze the development of Brazilian banks in the post-2014 economic recession period in Brazil. For this purpose, a descriptive research was carried out, the data were (first) documentary collected and then received quantitative. The data were collected through the EconomaticaTM platform ant it was obtained from the first group, constituted by 24 banks, totalling 200 observations collected over a period of 11 years. The second group is formed by other companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange, from different economic sectors. The analyzed data is composed of 1,985 observations of 290 companies. A total of four indicators were analyzed: Return on Assets (ROA); Return on Equity (ROE); Price on Earnings (P/E); and Price on Adjusted Equity Value (PVPA). Data processing was done using descriptive statistics, mean, median, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation were collected. After that, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to the median of each of the analyzed indicators, comparing them between periods and between sectors. The results reveal that these indicators behave differently depending on the sector, as the data is less dispersed in the banking sector, and also shows greater stability; companies from different sectors tend to present results that vary according to the crisis and its passage, as a result, the banking sector may be less susceptible to these variations. The results found may contribute to the decision making of investors, in addition to deepening the knowledge about financial accounting and the 2014 crisis.