Gênero, nacionalismo e revolução: o movimento de libertação curdo

Abstract

The Kurdish Liberation Movement was restructured in Turkey in the 1970s, and in 1978 the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) was founded, which would become the protagonist of the Kurdish resistance struggle. Even with women participating in the agendas and in the movement as a whole, the insertion of agendas on gender and nationalism began to intensify from the 1990s onwards, with women seeking to expose and validate their experiences as women and Kurds within society. Needing to find a new meaning and purpose in the Kurdish struggle, during his years in prison, the PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan reshaped the party's

ideological foundation and formulated the Democratic Confederalism, a form of self- government based on direct democracy. With a critical stance on the three main structures of

society - State, Capital and Patriarchy -, this new form of government seeks in the liberation of women the key to freeing themselves from all forms of oppression. After the power vacuum left by the Syrian Civil War, ongoing since 2011, the Democratic Union Party (PYD), sister party of the PKK, takes possession of Rojava, the Syrian Kurdistan. Since then, aiming at a new political path in the region, Rojava has become the center for the implementation of Democratic Confederalism, even with the daily difficulties of a conflict on numerous fronts. Thus, the question that guides this research is: how did Democratic Confederalism change the roles of women throughout the Kurdish self-determination movement in Rojava? Therefore, analyzing the roles that Kurdish women played in the self-determination and revolutionary movement in Rojava is the main objective of this work. Which will be explored from the specific objectives: (I) to analyze the formation of the PKK and the development of the armed struggle until the ideological turn, and how this led to the Rojava revolution; (II) analyze the precepts and objectives of Democratic Confederalism, in order to understand how women occupy a central position in its implementation; and, finally (III) to identify how the roles of Kurdish women have changed over time. This research will be qualitative, with a descriptive approach method. As a method of procedure, the descriptive method was chosen. Finally, indirect documentation will be used as a research technique, based on bibliographic research.