Carregador para células individuais de bateria chumbo-ácido em subestações de energia

Abstract

The lead-acid battery banks found at electrical substations suffer from unbalancing issues, caused by differences between the cells. These unbalancing issues eventually result in premature loss of otherwise functional battery banks during the standardized discharge tests that happen periodically at the substations. In this dissertation, an electronic charger system able to intervene in critical cells within the bank without the need to remove them, is developed. The main goal is to charge the elements up to a closer-to-average State of Charge, balancing the bank in a way that is simillar to what a Battery Management System (BMS) usually does. A literature review is carried out on lead-acid batteries with the intention of, using experimental testing and manufacture-provided data, build a model that can be the foundation for the power electronics and controller designs. A practical electronic solution is then designed, implemented and experimentally tested. The final prototype is integrated to an embedded system and delivered to a maintenance team for testing within electrical substations.