Estudo da distribuição de potenciais na superfície do solo em redes aterradas

Abstract

The growing demand for electricity in rural areas has been a challenge for the electricity concessionaires. Because of that, it is important to develop technologies and methods to guarantee more efficient and safer electricity to customers in these regions. One of the alternatives to solve this problem is the implementation of three-phase two-wire networks. These networks use the ground as the conductive medium for the third phase. However, in order for this to be implemented, it is important to carry out accurate studies on the superficial potentials that appear in the vicinity of these networks, especially at the current injection points, in a way to check the security of the structure. This work presents two articles that discuss different methods for calculating the distribution of electrical potentials in heterogeneous soils caused by the current injection on the ground and the estimation of the surface step. The calculations were made using algorithms developed in MATLAB software, considering a soil with stratified data from the Wenner method in a test terrain located at the Federal University of Santa Maria. The results show that the potentials that appear on the surface are distributed radially around the rods, with values smaller than 1 V/m for nominal current values, showing that the network is secure and can be implemented without bringing risks for those who circulate in its surroundings.