Constituição da rede de apoio de adolescentes que apresentam comportamento autolesivo

Abstract

Self-injurious behavior is characterized by being the one in which the individual can produce injuries against himself. Self-injury without suicidal intent can be understood as an action with the purpose of producing relief, differing from self-injury with a suicidal character, since the latter is triggered with the intention of causing one's own death. The objective was to analyze the constitution of the health support network for adolescents who present self-injurious behavior. Research with a qualitative approach developed with 13 adolescents treated at the Pediatric Emergency Room and Adult Emergency Room of a public hospital, at the Child Psychosocial Care Center (CPCC) and at the Municipal Specialized Care Program (MSCP). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews mediated by the Creativity and Sensitivity technique Speaking Map and by the construction of a genogram and ecomap. Data were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. This project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the institution under protocol number 4.704.789. The results pointed out that, in general, adolescents live mainly with their mothers. The education of parents or guardians was focused on elementary school, and they have low economic income, characterizing social vulnerability. The family constitution presents itself in several ways and has an influence on the constitution of the support network ways. The support network of these adolescents is characterized by periods of stress, anxiety, and emotional conflicts. Based on the Speaking Maps, the adolescents' preference for solitude and social isolation was found. Through the genograms and ecomaps, the school, the MSCP, teachers and friends were identified as important points in the support network of these adolescents. It was concluded that the support network for adolescents who present self-injurious behavior consists of friends, school, teacher, municipal specialized education service (MSCP). the use of drugs that trigger feelings of anger and impotence was evidenced, thus stimulating the practice of self-mutilation in adolescents. The appropriation of knowledge of risk factors for self-injurious behavior is essential to enable health professionals to be trained to act in the prevention and care in this situation.