Análise da dinâmica de deslocalização da Indústria têxtil no Brasil (1995-2021)

Abstract

The Brazilian textile industry is highly relevant in the Brazilian economy, responsible for generating employment and income. However, the labor market in the textile industry ended up suffering complications from the 1990s onwards. During this period, the appreciation of the currency with the Real Plan and the economic opening triggered a process of expansion of imports, mainly from Asia. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the dynamics of the labor market of the textile industry in the Southeast Region of Brazil and its process interfaces with the economic opening and interiorization of textile production in the country. Therefore, a qualitative and quantitative research was carried out. Among the main results, it was identified that after trade opening, the Brazilian textile industry was unable to compete with the low values of Asian products, mainly because the national industry is lagging behind in comparison to the Asian industry. Since 2009, China has increasingly approached Brazil, becoming the main trading partner. The Southeast Region is the main market for work and the Brazilian textile industry, but after the arrival of Asian products, the Southeast ended up losing space nationally. Textile companies ended up moving to other regions of Brazil, mainly the South Region, where it was the region that most increased the number of workers, with growth of 11.22%. In turn, the Southeast region was the one that most shrank in relation to workers in the textile industry, registering a drop of 17.35%.