Análise da viabilidade econômica de sistema fotovoltaico híbrido aliado a tarifa branca considerando gerenciamento de carga

Abstract

This paper aims to perform an economic analysis of consumer units (CUs) belonging to the Low Voltage (LV) group, regarding the insertion of a hybrid photovoltaic system with storage in battery banks, along with the adherence to the White Tariff. Unlike the Conventional Monomial Fare, which has a single tariff value regardless of the time of consumption, the White Fare has three tariff levels known as peak, intermediate, and off-peak. The peak and intermediate tariff periods comprise five to six consecutive hours per day, on weekdays, and their tariff values are higher compared to the Conventional Monomial Fare. On the other hand, the off-peak tariff comprises the other hours of the day, weekends and holidays, and has a lower value compared to the Conventional Monomial Tariff. Clearly, the White Tariff is presented as a load management strategy by the concessionaire, which aims to reduce consumption in periods when the demand for energy is high (peak and intermediate periods). In this sense, for the adhesion of the White Tariff to become attractive to the consumer and not occur the need to change consumption habits it is necessary to adopt a load management strategy. Thus, a hybrid photovoltaic generation system with energy storage in a battery bank is proposed. The photovoltaic generation has two functions, the firstis to recharge the battery bank, which will be used to meet the demand of the peak and intermediate posts. Secondily, it is to meet the demand of the residence at the time of generation, i.e., at times when photovoltaic generation occurs the HU is served with the energy generated, charging, together, the battery bank in this period. If the battery bank is fully charged and the generation is greater than the demand of the CU, the surplus energy is inserted into the distribution network, generating credits. The sizing of the system, as well as the determination of the economic indicators Payback, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Present Value (NPV), are determined by Excel software, along with programming in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which enables an easily accessible graphical interface. Therefore, the proposed methodology is of great value for consumers who would like to perform the economic analysis, but do not have more in-depth knowledge of the software. The methodology also allows a greater assertiveness at the time of investment, since before the investor has any expense, the investment variables are already defined, such as recovery time, interest rate that he will get, among others.