A construção de indicadores de qualidade para a acessibilidade comunicacional em veículos jornalísticos

Abstract

This work problematizes the interweaving of communicational accessibility and journalism and proposes the construction of quality indicators as a proposed evaluation parameter for journalistic vehicles in a digital environment. Journalism is enunciated as representative of social diversity and that it is a way of producing and circulating meanings about reality (BENETTI, 2013), but it cannot encompass all audiences and realities as it is not accessible for people with disabilities (SEGATTO, 2015; BONITO, 2015; BERALDO, 2021; PEREIRA, 2021). The main shortcomings of this study topic are the invisible laws (BONITO, 2015), the lack of accessibility in journalistic products in digital media (SEGATTO, 2015; BERALDO, 2021), the attitudinal barrier through capacitism and the absence of a culture professional that does not guide communicational accessibility as part of a journalistic production process (BERALDO, 2021). From this conceptual basis, the construction of the monograph begins. At first, a bibliographic review of the literature on the subject was carried out. Based on bibliographical references that incorporate regional journalism (BORELLI, 2015), journalistic vehicles in a digital environment were defined as empirical objects of investigation, in which the indicator tests will be applied. Using parameters such as circulation, auditing and reach of the National Association of Newspapers (ANJ) and the Verifier Institute of Communication (IVC) about vehicles from Rio Grande do Sul, the analysis focuses on Diário Popular (Pelotas/RS) and in Pioneiro (Caxias do Sul/RS). After this stage, the first wording of the indicators began, defined by means of four categories: related to journalistic production and accessibility; to the newspaper company; the technical level of the site and the legislation. The writing is done through documents, guides, reports and consolidated studies regarding what is communicational accessibility, such as the WCAG Report for accessibility. As a delimitation, the approach takes place through elements of visual, auditory and chromatic accessibility, which are more directly linked to communication. The next steps included the applicability test of the indicators in the empirical objects, the usability tests with people with disabilities, the interviews with representatives of the analyzed vehicles and the establishment of the punctuation system. Among the results, the Pioneiro vehicle had an advantage over Diário Popular, partly due to the institutional policy that seeks to value accessibility. In the ranking, Pioneiro got 3,196, and Diário Popular, 2,523. Low numbers show communicational, attitudinal and technical accessibility as gaps. We understand that the indicators are applicable and, after minor adjustments, can be used as a tool to assess communication accessibility in Journalism.