Desenvolvimento de sistemas de tração para veículos elétricos urbanos utilizando simulação em tempo real

Abstract

This master’s thesis presents the development of an electric traction system for urban vehicles using controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) simulation and focusing on the electrical system components. For the purpose of obtaining a simulation model, the traction system is modeled following the forward facing methodology and the vehicle longitudinal model is used to represent the vehicle dynamics. The studied system comprises a single traction motor in a longitudinal architecture applied to the Renault Twizy vehicle, which is a passenger car. The main components of the traction system are designed following the latest trends, with a supply voltage of 400 V and the inverter switching at 10 kHz. The traction machine is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a rated power of 11 kW, similar to the traction system of the previously mentioned vehicle model. Based on this, a field oriented control method is proposed to achieve speed regulation with a flux-weakening technique switching in when the demanded voltage is higher than the voltage supplied to the inverter. In order to develop realtime simulations, a OP5700 simulator manufactured by OPAL-RT Technologies is used, which is available at the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Geração Distribuída de Energia Elétrica (INCT-GD), benefiting from toolboxes that allow the representation of high frequency events with high accuracy. Moreover, an interface board was designed to connect the simulator to a digital signal processor (DSP) where the control system is programmed. The simulation results validate the designed traction system and the proposed real-time simulation approach. The presented work aims to establish a base of knowledge for the development of a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation platform of electric traction systems, which would be an alternative to implementing prototypes of these systems using only physical components.