Efeito do laser sobre a cicatrização cutânea e nos parâmetros do estresse oxidativo: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The laser is a high-tech device, considered an amplified light produced by electromagnetic radiation that manifests itself as monochromatic light. Low-intensity laser therapy (LIBT) aims to favor tissue regeneration, by increasing the mitotic speed of cells, the laser stimulates epithelial cells, favoring efficient healing in rapid conditions. Cutaneous healing is complex, with vascular/cellular alterations, its process also activates oxidant and inflammatory components, such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, if produced in excess, damage the tissue, causing oxidative stress, which can lead to to cell death (apoptosis). There is evidence that laser therapy influences parameters of oxidative stress such as changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in reactive oxygen species, but its effects on the cellular mechanism and its influence on oxidative parameters in the treatment of injuries are still not well understood. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was, through this systematic review, to carry out a survey of studies that relate the effects of laser therapy on skin healing from the modulation of oxidative stress in animal models. This study consisted of a systematic review of the literature. Original studies that evaluated the effect of laser on skin healing and oxidative stress in animals were included. The search for articles was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the adapted PEDro scale. A qualitative and descriptive analysis of the selected studies was carried out. Six studies were included, all articles showed significant results in the modulation of oxidative stress, reducing oxidant markers (superoxide anion) and activator of apoptosis (cytochrome c), and mainly increasing the antioxidant enzymatic defense (Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase). The present dissertation provided further research on the action of TBLI on skin healing and oxidative stress parameters. TBLI is effective in healing the skin, as well as modulating the increase in cicatricial oxidative stress by acting on the cellular antioxidant/oxidant balance. However, there is a clear need for further studies to elucidate the mechanisms of these effects, especially in mitochondrial analyses.