Desordem informacional nas eleições de 2022: tipos de desinformação mais utilizados pelos candidatos à Presidência do Brasil em suas entrevistas para o Jornal Nacional

Abstract

This research was guided by the objective of identifying the types of disinformation most used by candidates for the Presidency of the Republic in their interviews to Jornal Nacional in the 2022 election campaign. That way, using the methodological assumptions proposed by ContentAnalysis (BARDIN, 1977 ), based on the concepts of information disorder and the seven types of disinformation developed by Wardle (2020), we categorize the 43 statements by Simone Tebet, Ciro Gomes, Lula and Bolsonaro indicated as disinformation by the e fact-checking agency Aos Fatos (2022) . The construction of this analysis took place through the development of tables divided into four thematic units: Speech by candidate; Categorization To Facts; Type of disinformation; Justification. The first two being based on the checks made by the Agência Aos Fatos (2022) and the others developed by us for categorization according to the types of disinformation (WARDLE, 2020). Also, thinking about enabling a greater understanding and visualization of society about the magnitude of informational disorder and the potential damage of disinformation, we chose to develop a system for calculating the level of damage. As a result, we noticed that all candidates made use of informational disorder in their speeches, but on different scales. As well, we answered our initial question by identifying that Jair Bolsonaro was the interviewed candidate responsible for the greater recurrence of disinformation through the Fabricated Content type. Our other objectives were also achieved in order to understand the types of disinformation and realize the fundamental role played by journalism and fact-checking agencies in the fight against disinformation.