Intericonicidade, memória discursiva e formações discursivas: uma análise do discurso sobre homens gays nas telenovelas da Rede Globo (2010-2020)

Abstract

Brazilian soap operas have emerged for years as one of the largest cultural productions in the country, reaching millions of people daily throughout the country. Part of the population's daily life, the characters present in the soap opera´s narratives have entered our social imaginary and permeate our memory. Having proven its social impact through the promotion of various social actions over the years, Rede Globo, the country's main broadcaster, also emerges as a possible reproducer of certain discourses about gay men through the characters present in their works. That's why the general objective of this work is to investigate and problematize the discourse disseminated through gay characters in Brazilian soap operas of Rede Globo in the decade from 2010 to 2020. Thus, the discourse on gay men present in the Globo soap operas becomes the object of this research, inserted in the field of Discourse Analysis and mobilizing concepts such as discursive formation, discursive memory, intericonicity and imaginary formations, supported by Pêcheux (1990, 1990b, 1995), Courtine (2011, 2003) and Orlandi (2005). To constitute the corpus of analysis of this study, the archive was organized by collecting scenes found on Rede Globo's on-line video plataform, Globoplay. It was composed of four scenes of three different characters. The first scene analyzed was the one aired in the telenovela Totalmente Demais on 01/04/16, the second and the third were aired in the telenovela Fina Estampa on 11/11/11 and 03/19/12, and finally, the fourth scene analyzed was aired in the telenovela Império on 07/25/15. For this study, were selected soap operas considered audience successes and whose reach was above average, highlighting, the three, as audience phenomena of the decade from 2010 to 2020. This study aims to understand whether telenovelas have reinforced certain preconceptions about homosexuality, as well as legitimized and fed back homophobia in our society when observed the conditions of production of the discourse conveyed by Rede Globo and systematized the concept of imaginary formations. This, in turn, as established by Pêcheux (1990b), relate to the images or representations that elements A and B make of themselves and the object of discourse in discursive processes (representations that are linked to social/ideological places). In view of this, there was a prevalence of pre-constructions based on the femininity, passivity and subjugation of these characters, as well as the strength of Rede Globo in the feedback of the structural homophobic discourse.