Obtenção e análise mecânica de tijolos ecológicos a base de resíduos

Abstract

The development of new materials, with ecological characteristics, has been explored in the most diverse areas today, much of this due to the environmental scenario that we have faced in recent years. Some of the environmental issues faced today are related to the generation and accumulation of waste in an uncontrolled and abundant manner. Thus, one of the possibilities for the development of new materials is the modification of their composition in the face of the introduction of waste. In this context, this study proposes the possibility of obtaining ecological bricks based on waste, waste that will replace the aggregates usually used for the composition of ecological bricks, applied in civil construction today. Four different residues were used in the research, being rice husk ash and walnut husk, red ceramic and agate powder. Thus, within the present study, 7 different ecological bricks were made, in which evaluations of mechanical resistance and water absorption were performed, following parameters defined by NBR 8491 (ABNT, 2012), in addition to the analysis and characterization of the crystalline structure and composition of the materials under study, by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The data obtained through the characterizations confirmed the good characteristics of the residues for use with cement, due to their compositions. The mechanical resistances obtained showed, in the majority, higher values than that proposed by the standard for ecological bricks, except for bricks that had organic residues in their composition. The highest values obtained were 17.6 and 11.15 MPa. Water absorptions showed values greater than 20%, but for most of the compositions the values were not excessively higher than the norm.