Critério ambientais para a concessão de crédito rural: Uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

The SOFI report reveals that around 9.2% of the world's population suffered from hunger in 2022. Highlighting the relevance of food production by the agricultural sector, Brazilian success in exporting agricultural products is mainly due to the Agricultural Policy that has the rural credit as a financing instrument. The development of the sector, however, is accompanied by concerns about environmental impacts that are extended to the institutions that finance it. The present work aims to identify and analyze the events that culminated in the environmental criteria in force for granting rural credit. By carrying out this research, rural credit, in the historical evolution of events, begins to fulfill different functions, such as social and sustainability. Regarding environmental legislation, it is noted that it had a direct impact on the perception of socio-environmental responsibility, however it was from the Green Protocol that environmental aspects were integrated into financial institutions. The first event to encourage sustainable practices was the ABC Plan. With the implementation of CAR, it was possible to access environmental information on rural properties. With the establishment of PRSA, the SFN officially recognized the existence of a socio-environmental risk to financial stability. With the presence of sustainable criteria in Section 9 of Chapter 2 of the MCR - Document 724, prohibiting the granting of rural credit to producers who have irregularities in the social and/or environmental situation of their enterprises and with the creation of the Green Bureau, rural credit becomes an instrument for monitoring sustainability in the field, and makes it possible to grant incentives to sustainable producers. Based on the results of this research, we can highlight that rural credit has mechanisms to induce sustainability in rural areas. However, it is necessary to carry out case studies to prove the results of this policy in the field.