Política fiscal e desempenho macroeconômico do Brasil nos governos de Lula (2003-2010)

Abstract

Macroeconomic policy includes state actions that affect the production capability and planned expenses of a country. In developing countries, this regime plays an essential role in determining short- and long-term growth. Due to the frequently controverse nature of economical policies in society, it is essential to analyze how the implemented fiscal decisions align with the political field preferences. In Brazil, the management during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s presidency was recognized for introducing significative changes in the economic sphere. In this way, aiming at examining the profile of fiscal policies adopted by Lula’s governments (2003-2010) and the respective impacts in Brazilian development, this research used a mixed approach, combining the collection and analysis of statistical data with a wide bibliographical and documental research. It stands out that the essay is organized in two scientific papers. Amongst the main results of the research, it is noteworthy the maintenance of the balance of public accounts, with a sizeable growth in income when compared to expenses, demonstrating Lula’s government solid commitment with the health of public finances. Besides that, there was a significative increase in spendings in key areas, such as education and sanitation, contributing to the improving of the population’s quality of life. Together with that, there is evidence that the effects of the macroeconomic policies were notably positive, in a way that the implemented actions were reflected in significative social advances, such as the decrease in poverty rates and greater access to fundamental services such as healthcare. However, it is fundamental to emphasize that the challenges persist, such as income concentration and persisting inequalities, which highlights the importance of constant public policies aimed at a more equitable development and point to the need of the active involvement of civil society and other public and private institutions to collaborate with the resolution of the complex challenges that Brazil faces.