Metodologia para dimensionamento de sistemas comerciais de armazenamento de energia elétrica para oferta de flexibilidade

Abstract

The growing participation of different agents and forms of electrical energy generation, especially photovoltaic solar energy, is contributing to a more independent electrical sector, however, with an even greater degree of operational complexity. Energy storage systems, mainly batteries, emerge as an alternative to make this operation more flexible. However, there are still some barriers in relation to its use, due to high implementation costs, limited application opportunities with financial return and environmental concerns. Therefore, this work's main objective is to promote the use of this type of solution and discuss the role of consumers in the electricity sector, not just as mere consumers, but as active agents in the market. Based on a case study of a group A consumer unit, the use of storage systems using lithium batteries will be analyzed to supply consumption during peak hours. Currently, this business model is already widely used in Brazil, mainly with the use of diesel generators. The batteries will be recharged in two ways: through the distributor's network and through a solar photovoltaic system. The objective is to evaluate which of these top-up formats offers the best financial return. Furthermore, a case study will be proposed in which, in addition to the benefits of reducing consumption at the peak, the consumer installs a system with 20% flexibility, allowing him to offer this excess energy to the distributor. This energy sale is advantageous for the distributor, as it would reduce investment in assets intended to serve specific loads. As a conclusion of the work, it is clear that, to encourage consumers to invest in energy flexibility, it is necessary for the energy distributor to be willing to review current models of electrical energy compensation, in order to make the remuneration for this exchange of beneficial energy for both parties and reduce the payback period. Furthermore, the main contribution of the work is the discussion of the use of surplus energy produced by distributed generation and the energy capacity stored in batteries to offer flexibility to the grid. Although legislation currently does not allow it, considering the potential of this solution, a market for flexibility in the distribution of electrical energy could be created.