Os efeitos de variáveis socioeconômicas na taxa de mortalidade infantil brasileira na última década (2012 a 2022): estimação através de um modelo de dados em painel

Abstract

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is characterized as a relevant indicator of the quality and living conditions of a territory, as it can demonstrate its levels of social and economic development, as well as reveal aspects of the health sector related to the mother and child’s well-being. Based on this panorama, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of the population's average monthly income, the public investments in health and the territorial income inequality on the Brazilian rate; to do so, it used data from the indicators in question from the 27 federative units in Brazil in the 11 years of analysis (2012 to 2022). Thus, the work methodology was based on qualitative research with the aim of collecting and organizing the information about the national situation, in addition to proposing an econometric panel data model to estimate the potential relation suggested. Finally, with the application of the methods, the influence of the average public investment per capita and the average monthly income per capita of the population on the IMR was confirmed; furthermore, it was observed a big regional contrast in the country, exposing the inequality since it showed a greater socioeconomic development in the South and Southeast regions when compared to the North and Northeast regions.