Análise da relação entre crédito rural e produtividade da soja: um estudo no contexto brasileiro

Abstract

This study focuses on the relevance of rural credit to soybean productivity in Brazil, exploring how credit policies influence the productive efficiency of this culture, vital to the country's economy. Using a mixed methodological approach that intertwines quantitative analyses with municipal soybean production panel data from 2013 to 2022, and comparative qualitative reviews, the work investigates the effect of rural credit on the average yield of soybeans, distinguishing between credit for operating costs, investment, and marketing. In an initial analysis using simple regression with total rural credit, no statistical significance was found in soybean productivity, indicating the need for further investigations for a better understanding of this relationship. In contrast, when applying multiple regression models with fixed municipal and annual effects, using segregated credit data - specifically for operating costs, marketing, and investment - a significant and positive impact on productivity was observed. These quantitative results underscore the importance of these specific credit modalities in boosting Brazilian agribusiness. The qualitative analysis complements these results, aligning with previous research and reinforcing the fundamental role of rural credit in the development and innovation strategies of the sector. This study highlights the synergies between financing and productivity and suggests the creation of public policies and financing strategies that promote the efficient use of rural credit. Furthermore, it points to the importance of cooperatives as facilitators of credit access, being critical for technological advancement and increasing agricultural competitiveness. Thus, the work contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of targeted credit in fostering agribusiness, highlighting the need for financing more aligned with sustainable practices and the expansion of innovative financial instruments in the sector.