Os obstáculos dos Estados e Instituições no reconhecimento do refúgio climático e as possibilidades da responsabilização pelos impactos nocivos das mudanças climáticas: uma discussão a partir da in/justiça ambiental

Abstract

The contemporary body of literature addressing environmental injustice underscores that individuals most profoundly impacted by climate change are often those situated within socio-economically and geographically vulnerable contexts. This accentuates existing social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities, detrimentally affecting communities with limited capacity to respond or adapt to environmental phenomena. Consequently, individuals from these communities are compelled to seek refuge in alternative territories. Recognizing climate change and environmental degradation as anthropogenic phenomena prompts the realization that migratory movements spurred by these factors violate human rights. In the pursuit of establishing a foundation for recognizing the classification of climate refugees within the framework of environmental (in)justice, it becomes imperative to delineate the intricate relationship between climate refuge and environmental justice. Furthermore, understanding the role of international actors in shaping the discourse surrounding the development of global migration governance and protective policies is crucial. The adverse impacts on the safety, dignity, and lives of affected individuals are exacerbated by the formidable challenges encountered during displacement, compounded by the lack of acknowledgement of the climate refugee category by international institutions and the absence of a comprehensive legal framework. Initiating a global cooperative environmental migration governance is paramount, leveraging existing institutions and mechanisms for immediate action. This entails the establishment of bilateral and regional agreements addressing the reception and adaptation of climate refugees. However, a comprehensive approach involves not only recognizing the category of climate refugees but, also, implementing improved environmental management practices, ensuring housing, conservation, and a healthy environment. Acknowledging the urgency and necessity of this demand will effectively mitigate the vulnerability to which climate refugees are exposed.