Controle de tensão utilizando transformador de distribuição por meio do processo analítico hierárquico

Abstract

With the great changes on the electrical system, some problems have emerged, such as variation in voltage levels and in losses. Therefore, voltage regulation is still a problem faced by utilities today. It should be noted that the main devices used to maintain the voltage levels are voltage regulators, capacitor banks and transformers. In this work, the aim is to develop a methodology to control voltage levels using a distribution transformer as the device. The goal is to optimize the definition of the tap position considering three criteria: voltage levels, technical losses and the number of switching. Facilitating the analysis of multiple variables, it is chosen the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which makes it possible to simplify a complex problem into a multi-criteria hierarchical structure, helping to understand and evaluate it. As traditional distribution transformer switches can’t be operated with the transformer energized, for the purposes of the study, it is considered the installation of an on load switch in the equipment. With this study, most of the voltage levels that were out of the range were reduced, applying the control algorithm. In almost all scenarios, there was total elimination of the cases with voltages levels out of the maximum and minimum limits, only one scenario presented a reduction of 94,6% of the occurrences. That way, through the application and simulation of the developed algorithm, it was possible to obtain the best solution for the transformer adjustment position considering the mentioned criteria, observing an improvement in voltage levels when using the control method.