Notificações de violência contra mulheres em contextos rurais, urbanos e periurbanos: estudo de método misto

Abstract

The (re)knowledge of the territory contributes to intervene in cases of violence against women. This study aimed to analyze the notifications of violence against women living in rural, urban and periurban contexts in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases and the understanding of professionals in completing the notification form. The secondary objectives are: To characterize cases of violence against women living in rural notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases between 2012 and 2020 in the municipalities of the 15th Regional Health of the State of Rio Grande do Sul; To identify the understanding of health professionals in completing notifications in cases of violence against women living in rural, urban and periuban contexts. To analyze the interconnections between health notifications and the practice of professionals in cases of violence against women living in rural, urban and periurban contexts. A mixed, sequential and explanatory study was performed (Quan->QUAL). A cross-sectional quantitative study with data collection in SINAN regarding violence against women from 2012 to 2020 in the 26 municipalities of the 15th Regional Health Coordination of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the statistical software SPSS, version 22.0, considering the 'zone of occurrence' as a dependent variable The Fisher’s Exact Test and Pearson's chi-square were used in the categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test in the noncategorical variables with significance level of 5%. Qualitative exploratory, participatory and intervention study in two municipalities with higher number of notifications. Six focus groups guided data collection as follows: Health surveillance; Violence against women; and Health notifications. The data analysis followed the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin. And the approximation of the data was performed through Joint-display. The study was approved by opinion 5.849.103. The notifications were distributed between 2012 and 2020 (n=1125); it is revealed Palmeira das Missões (n=217) in the urban and Redeemer (n=107) in the rural; women between 20 and 29 years (n=274/24.4%), white (n=818/72.7%), incomplete elementary school (n=369/34.2%), married area of occurrence (n=660/58.7%). In the qualitative, categories of analysis are emphasized in relation to the identification and typing of violence, challenges and realization of notification and the system of registration, communication between services and sectors, and actions of violence surveillance. There was convergence in population numbers and registration of violence, schooling, marital status, sexual violence, boyfriend or child as an aggressor and divergence in the race variable. Expected with this study to give the necessary visibility for the development of strategies that increase notification.