Estudo econômico e tarifário de um sistema fotovoltaico residencial: comparativo entre as concessionárias distribuidoras (CERVALE x RGE)

Abstract

The progressive increase in electricity bills in Brazil, due to frequent tariff adjustments, has driven the search for alternative energy sources, such as solar power, aiming to achieve economic advantages. The country, with favorable climatic conditions for solar generation, presents a conducive scenario for the exponential growth of photovoltaic energy, even in regions with lower radiation compared to European countries. This study focuses on an economic and tariff analysis of a residential On-Grid photovoltaic system with a generation capacity of 2.92 kWp. Amidst the hydric crisis and the frequent use of thermoelectric generation to meet demands, there is a need to diversify Brazil's energy matrix. Renewable sources, such as solar and wind, emerge as technologically consolidated solutions to address challenges in the country's electrical system. The research examines the regulations and tariffs of distribution utilities in the Santa Maria region, with a focus on CERVALE and RGE (a member of the CPFL group). Specific objectives include surveying project location plans, analyzing tariff regulations, software simulations, evaluating economic feasibility, and determining the payback period for the project. Investing in grid-connected photovoltaic systems emerges as a viable option in the national energy landscape. Although the return on investment is only achieved in the sixth year, economic viability is positive, considering the long-term benefits and contribution to the environment through clean energy generation. It is noteworthy that, despite the extended payback period, opting for a photovoltaic system protects consumers against frequent increases in taxes and electricity tariffs. Thus, the study concludes that the implementation of solar energy represents a favorable opportunity for real investment gains, coupled with cost reduction over the system's lifespan. The study successfully met its objectives, including solar generator sizing, monthly and annual electricity generation forecasts, providing a comprehensive analysis of the presented economic scenarios. Furthermore, this study emphasizes that solar energy is an economically viable option, attractive for investments, reducing environmental impacts, and promoting sustainable development in a constantly evolving market.