Aplicação da tecnologia blockchain no comércio descentralizado de energia elétrica: estudo de caso de uma plataforma p2p com contratos inteligentes

Abstract

In recent years, the electricity sector has undergone significant transformation driven by the imperative to address climate change, emphasizing decarbonization and reducing emissions. Increasing demands for quality, safety, and resilience standards are pivotal in driving this evolution. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass play a crucial role in providing sustainable solutions with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. In Brazil, the electricity grid is predominantly powered by renewable sources, prominently hydroelectric power, with solar and wind energy gaining prominence. Distributed generation (DG) of energy, particularly through photovoltaic systems, has become more accessible and is encouraged by public policies. These systems enable consumers and prosumers to trade surplus energy directly in a peer-to-peer (P2P) model, promoting energy security, conscious consumption, and reducing transmission losses. The application of Blockchain technology, combined with smart contracts, emerges as an innovative solution for decentralized energy trading. Blockchain ensures secure and transparent transactions, while smart contracts automate payments, thereby enhancing efficiency and reliability. This study aims to explore the impact of Blockchain in the electricity sector, presenting a case study involving the development of an interactive web interface and a smart contract to model an energy trading system.