Alterações fenotípicas de duas espécies de Eragrostis wolf. (Poaceae) sob diferentes condições de umidade do solo

Abstract

The species Eragrostis pilosa and Eragrostis plana has been found in lowland environment promoting interference by competing with the rice (Oryza sativa). Eragrostis are exotic plants to the floodplain environment and usually develops in deep soils and well drained as the highlands. The characterization of the species and the study of their biology in different environments is needed to understand the process of adaptation of these species in these poorly drained environments in order to develop an efficient management of these. In this sense the present study at Masters level, aims to assess the phenotypic behavior and the anatomical and morphological alterations of these plants when subjected to three soil moisture conditions (50% soil water capacity, 100% soil water capacity and Flooding). The study was conducted in 2014/2015 season in greenhouse using seeds of Eragrostis pilosa and Eragrostis plana access derived from rice producing areas of Itaqui/ Rio Grande do Sul Brazil.The results showed that each species showed different responses to treatments which have been submitted. For E. plana there was a reduction in tillering, less formation of panicles and reduction of aerenchymas of the plants when exposed to flooding. As for the plants E. pilosa, the responses to treatment flooding were observed with reduced tillering, with consequent reduction in the formation of panicles per plant, changes in the development of the flag leaf, reduction in dry weight root, and shoot and increasing the vegetative cycle of plants. The two species showed formation aerenchyma the roots and stems and adventitious roots on the soil surface when subjected to treatments of 100% of soil water capacity and flooding, in response to hypoxic stress. For chlorophyll parameters, the responses were similar in both species, by reducing the amount of chlorophyll, reflecting the low electron transport capability. The flooding affect the development of plants evaluated, which infers that the management of the rice crop water plays an important role in the management of invasive plants.