Substratos para cultivo de feijão e tolerância a alta temperatura do ar no período reprodutivo

Abstract

The yield of common bean crop is affected by high air temperature during the reproductive phase. The experiment was carried out in pots and in growth chambers (phytotron) with controlled air temperature and humidity. The objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate substrate for common bean grown in pots and to evaluate common bean genetic variability for tolerance to high air temperature during the pre-flowering (R5) to pod formation (R7) phase. To identify the most appropriate substrate two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during 2005, with the TPS Nobre common bean cultivar. Seven substrates were evaluated: Plantmax®, carbonized rice husks, vermiculite, sand, carbonized rice husks + 20% of Plantmax®, carbonized rice husks + 20% of vermiculite and carbonized rice husks + 20% of sand. The experimental design was a completely randomized with five replications. To evaluate the genetic variability under high temperature the experiment was conducted in phytotron, with controlled temperature, lighting and photoperiod and all other conditions for growing were optimum. During the R5-R7 phase, plants were submitted to air temperature of 30°C during one hour a day. The experimental design used was completely randomized with three repetitions, with 20 common bean cultivars. In the substrate evaluation, it was possible to observe chemical and physical characteristics among the substrates. The substrate Plantmax® provided the most appropriate characteristics leading to the best conditions for growing and development of common bean plants. The cultivars showed different us in phonological, reproductive, yield traits and components indicating genetic variability for tolerance to high temperature during the reproductive phase (R5 to R7). Cultivars Pérola, TPS Bonito, BRS Valente and Corrente were tolerant to the air temperature of 30°C during one hour a day during the reproductive period.