Potencial de uso agrícola e qualidade de cozimento de cultivares crioulas de feijão

Abstract

The potential use of common bean land varieties regarding to agronomic performance and cooking quality was little evaluated by plant breeding programs. Therefore, objectives of this study were to evaluate the phenological, morphological, grain yield, absorption percentage and cooking quality characters of common bean land varieties obtained from different location; to study the correlations between phenological, morphological and grain yield characters; to estimate the direct and indirect effects of the characters on grain yield; to select common bean land varieties with high agronomic performance and reduced cooking time for family farms grown and for crosses in plant breeding programs. For this, 23 common bean cultivars, being nineteen land varieties and four cultivars developed by research, were evaluated in field experiments installed at the Federal Institute Farroupilha (IFF), Alegrete, and at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, in growing season 2012/2013. A significant cultivar x location interaction was observed for the characters number of days from emergence to flowering, cycle, height of insertion of the first pod, height of insertion of the final pod, number of pods per plant, grain yield, b* chromaticity value, absorption percentage and cooking time. Preto Miúdo and Cavalo Rajado land varieties showed high grain yield and agronomic characters desirable for grown. The Banana and Perdiz land varieties showed reduced cooking time, however, presented low agronomic performance and type of grain out of commercial standards, which makes difficult its indication for grown. The number of pods per plant showed positive linear correlation of intermediate magnitude with the grain yield (r = 0.670), and the highest direct effect (0.632). There is presence of genetic variability among the common bean land varieties studied, which enables obtaining genetic gain in breeding programs using this germplasm. The indirect selection for the number of pods per plant is important component in predicting grain yield in common bean land varieties. Preto Miudo and Cavalo Rajado land varieties show high agronomic performance and its use is indicated for cultivation on family farms and for crosses in plant breeding programs.