Produção e qualidade de sementes de aveia branca: efeito de cultivares, sistema de cultivo antecessor e doses de nitrogênio

Abstract

The oat is a worldwide importance of winter cereal and Brazil stands out in the southern region as an alternative culture of winter. The cultivation of oats has several purposes, whether in crop rotation, soil cover, food and feed. Nitrogen fertilization is essential in the oat crop, since it has direct effects on yield components, working in the issuance and maintenance of fertile tillers. In order to evaluate the seeds of productivity in the agricultural harvest, the physiological seed quality and quality of oat seedlings after eight months of storage, depending on the application of nitrogen in coverage, in different farming systems, was We developed this study, conducted in two stages, the field and another laboratory. The field experiment was conducted in two cropping systems. Thus it was formed a ground cover plant residue with system with high C / N ratio (maize / oat) and other low C / N ratio (soybean / oat). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, following a factorial 4 x 2 x 2 for the factors nitrogen, cultivars and year, respectively. The levels were formed as follows: i) nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied 30 days after emergence; ii) oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) and iii) agricultural year (2011 and 2012). The evaluated traits were seed yield, thousand grain weight, germination, vigor and root dry weight, dry weight of shoot and total dry mass of seedlings. It was observed that the system soy / oats, the main effects (nitrogen dose and genotype) promoted changes in characters. The results show that oat seeds when stored without temperature and humidity control can be used as a seed crop in the following year, provided that the management of nitrogen and other agronomic practices are properly carried out. Seedlings grown from seeds stored under controlled conditions do not show that the system soy / oats for development of seedlings with larger root dry matter, dry matter of shoot and total dry matter. Furthermore, this system had a higher stability in character when compared to the corn seedling system / oats.