Resíduos de agroindústrias familiares: Impactos na qualidade da água e tratamento com técnicas simplificadas

Abstract

Human activities have altered the environmental quality especially with regard to water sources. The agro-industry activity in small scale may represent a potential pollutant different from those of other agricultural activities, and, therefore, there is the need to search alternatives to minimize its impacts. This work aims to: (a) assess the quality and quantity of waste solid and liquid Small Scale Agroindustry Family (b) characterize the Small Scale Agro-industry Family in the types of waste and pollution potential, (c) assess the impacts of Small Scale Agro-industry Family in the quality of surface water, and (d) evaluate the efficiency of a simplified treatment of liquid waste. The study was conducted in agricultural members of the group "Rede da Casa; Network Home" of the Fourth Region of the Colony of Italian immigration of Rio Grande do Sul. The thesis was divided into three studies: the first study addressed the characterization of family agro-industry of small scale, the second assessed the impact of agricultural practices on water quality of four streams, and the third addressed the treatment of poultry slaughter waste, production of cheeses, and wines and juices. The waterways are contaminated along the way within the property by different sources of contamination. The Small Scale Agro-industry Family is just one activity that can contribute to poor environmental quality. There is production of organic residues in Small Scale Agro-industry Family, both in liquid and solid form. These have low negative impacts released directly into the environment. The root zones of plants are efficient in the removal of organic and biological contaminants, but constant maintenance must be made. For some types of waste, it is essential to have flotation and deposition tanks and physical filtration tank.