Escarificação e adubação com cama de aves na produção de Tifton 85

Abstract

The intensive forage production for hay increases the risk of soil physical degradation and the soil chiseling, with or without organic fertilization, could be alternatives to soil structural recovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil chiseling and poultry litter fertilization effects on soil bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil penetration resistance and Tifton 85 production and quality. The experiment was conducted in a soil with Tifton 85 hay production for ten years. The soil management were: 1) chiseled soil and 2) soil without chiseling; the fertilization treatments: a) broiler litter in spring with reapplication of mineral N in the cuts (AO+N); b) broiler litter in spring (AO); c) mineral fertilization NPK in spring with reapplication of mineral N in the cuts (AM+N); d) mineral fertilization NPK in spring (AM); e) without fertilization with reapplication of mineral N in the cuts (T+N); f) without fertilization (T). Significant changes in soil physical properties occurred with chiseling, especially at 0,03-0,08 m depth, and thirteen months after chiseling the RP values remained below 2,5 MPa. The short period between the first cut and chiseling harmed the Tifton 85 production, with no difference between the soil management in the end of bermudagrass growing season (four cuts). Tifton 85 with poultry litter produced less dry matter than with mineral fertilizer on the sum of four cuts of bermudagrass, but with varied behavior during the cuts and the higher productivity was in treatments with nitrogen reapplication. Economic and environmental aspects should be used to definition of nutrient source to be used and mineral N supplementation after the cuts may be essential for the production of pasture receiving organic manure annually.