Biotransformações do nitrogênio no solo durante a decomposição de palha de trigo e dejetos líquidos de suínos

Abstract

Nitrogen is usually the element present in higher concentration in pig slurry and the one that causes the major problems related to environmental pollution, since it is subjected of several transformations after soil slurry application. This work was carried out in order to evaluate the soil nitrogen biotransformation during the wheat straw and pig slurry decomposition. The experiment was conduced under controlled conditions, in the Soil and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Soil Department, UFSM - RS. The pig slurry, with the ammoniacal fraction enriched of 15N, and the wheat straw were applied to a Hapludalf soil. The experimental was set as a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The treatments were the following: T1 - Soil; T2 - Soil + straw in surface; T3 - Soil + incorporated straw; T4 - Soil + pig slurry in surface; T5 - Soil + incorporated pig slurry; T6 - Soil + incorporated pig slurry + straw in surface; T7 - Soil + incorporated pig slurry + incorporated straw; T8 - Soil + straw in surface + pig slurry in surface. Soil humidity was adjusted for 100% of the field capacity. The experimental units were conditioned in an incubator for 95 days to a temperature of 25ºC. The mineral N, organic N and 15N organic concentrations was determined in each soil experimental unit. The soil nitrogen nitrification rates of the slurry ammoniacal nitrogen and the mineralization/immobilization were estimated. The main conclusions were: a) the ammoniacal N of pig slurry is quickly nitrified with or without the incorporation of slurry into the soil; b) the mineralization of the organic nitrogen of pig slurry occur in the first days after the slurry application in the soil; c) the wheat straw incorporation favor the N immobilization compared to its maintenance in soil surface; d) the N application through of pig slurry together with wheat straw stimulate the microbial N immobilization; e) the mineral N position in the soil affects the amount of immobilized N, with the highest values observed when N is in the active decomposition zone of the straw.