A prevalência do desvio fonológico em crianças de 4 a 6 anos de escolas públicas municipais de Salvador - BA

Abstract

This study aimed the following aspects: to estimate the prevalence of phonological disorders in children average age 4 to 6 who attend municipal public schools in Salvador-BA, verify if the phonological disorder varies according to age, gender and social income, and check the occurence of alterations in the phonetic inventory, phonological system as well as the phonological process of major prevalence in children with phonological disorder. The sample was composed of 2880 children both gender, average age 4:0 to 6:11, low, middle and high income. All the individuals were submitted to speech and hearing evaluations and later to a phonological evaluation, in order to determine the prevalence of phonological disorder in different gender, age and social income. For the statistical analysis were utilized the Pearson s Qui-Square or Fisher s Accurate Test with a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). The prevalence of phonological disorder was of 9,17% in the studied population. Noticing this prevalence considering gender the variable found was 13,33% for the male and 5% for the female. Taking the age in consideration was found 8,9% of the children from 4:0 to 4:11, 9,48% of children from 5:0 to 5:11 and 9,06% of children from 6:0 to 6:11. Related to their social income was verified that 8,75% of low income subjects presented phonological disorder, 9,69% of middle income, and 1,32% had incomplete phonological system. The most prevalent phonological process was of syllabic structure if compared to substitutions, being the reduction of consonantal pairs the later phonological process to be eliminated. There is a variation in the performance related to phonological process as well as in statistics when the phonological process was analyzed in different gender and social income. Therefore it was concluded that there is a high prevalence of phonological disorder in children average age 4:0 to 6:11, with disorders variations noticed considering gender and social income, different from what was observed analyzing the age.