Cultura no processo de parturição: contribuições para a enfermagem

Abstract

The investigation aimed to understand how culture influences in the process of a woman delivery. A qualitative research with a cultural approach. The settings were a Health Center and a reference Hospital for high risk pregnancies and to gynecologic complications of a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The people of this study were eight women, in fertile age, with previous history of natural and caesarean deliveries, in ages between 22 and 35 years old, who had children from the year 2004 and out of the pregnancy period. To the data production, a semi-structured interview was used, done between January and March of 2011. To do the data analysis, it was used a thematic analysis suggested by Minayo, generating six categories: Women perception about the birth; Women perception about the wanted delivery; Women perception in the decision about the king of delivery; Knowledge about how is the cultural construction of the women delivery process; Questioning and women resistance to the delivery biomedical model; women perception about the reason of caesarean indication. The findings of this study allow affirming that women experience in their delivery process is noticed differently among them, sometimes understood in a positive way and others, in negative ways. The identification of the kind of delivery wanted by the majority of the interviewed was the natural delivery, but it can be seen that the majority could not have it in their pregnancies due to the influence and interventions given by the doctor. The absence of autonomy in the choice for the natural delivery resulted in the indication of caesarians,that are not consistent with indications from the literature, the women of this study. The interviewed affirm that the doctor has the power of decision about the king of delivery, but some diverge from this behavior saying that this decision should have the women participation, once she is the one who feels and passes by this process. The positive meaning evidenced by the women who have some relation with the pregnant mainly by the mother figure, provided an integral and enriched delivery to these women and influenced in the preference for a natural delivery. It was verified that culture has influence in the knowledge and in the practices of women in relation to the process of delivery and that multiple aspects that surround their life need to be observed when assistance is given to them during the process. Key-words: The investigation aimed to understand how culture influences in the process of a woman delivery. A qualitative research with a cultural approach. The settings were a Health Center and a reference Hospital for high risk pregnancies and to gynecologic complications of a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The people of this study were eight women, in fertile age, with previous history of natural and caesarean deliveries, in ages between 22 and 35 years old, who had children from the year 2004 and out of the pregnancy period. To the data production, a semi-structured interview was used, done between January and March of 2011. To do the data analysis, it was used a thematic analysis suggested by Minayo, generating six categories: Women perception about the birth; Women perception about the wanted delivery; Women perception in the decision about the king of delivery; Knowledge about how is the cultural construction of the women delivery process; Questioning and women resistance to the delivery biomedical model; women perception about the reason of caesarean indication. The findings of this study allow affirming that women experience in their delivery process is noticed differently among them, sometimes understood in a positive way and others, in negative ways. The identification of the kind of delivery wanted by the majority of the interviewed was the natural delivery, but it can be seen that the majority could not have it in their pregnancies due to the influence and interventions given by the doctor. The absence of autonomy in the choice for the natural delivery resulted in the indication of caesarians,that are not consistent with indications from the literature, the women of this study. The interviewed affirm that the doctor has the power of decision about the king of delivery, but some diverge from this behavior saying that this decision should have the women participation, once she is the one who feels and passes by this process. The positive meaning evidenced by the women who have some relation with the pregnant mainly by the mother figure, provided an integral and enriched delivery to these women and influenced in the preference for a natural delivery. It was verified that culture has influence in the knowledge and in the practices of women in relation to the process of delivery and that multiple aspects that surround their life need to be observed when assistance is given to them during the process.