Experiência com o Diabetes Mellitus tipo II em uma comunidade rural: contribuições para a enfermagem

Abstract

The chronic diseases non-transmissible are a serious public health problem, in rich countries and in countries with middle and low income, among them, the Diabetes Mellitus is configured a global epidemic. The increased incidence of this chronic condition is related to several factors, but the greatest impact is in the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles as: physical inactivity, inadequate diet and obesity. It is believed that these factors may be closely related to cultural aspects, which compose the context of individuals' lives and lead beliefs and behaviors that may interfere in the success of therapy, as well as in the patient's ability to confront and find solutions to control of the diabetes. In this context, about the rural areas, a special attention should be given to this population, which lives on the fringes of urban centers and of the public health services, remaining the build of strategies to reach in the services and to receive a quality care that respects their culture and meets their needs. It is known that the care s trajectory of a sick pass by a variety of treatment options and care opportunities that allow to the members of each sector understand the disease and, especially, the care differently, according with the social and cultural aspects that permeate their experiences. For patient with diabetes to understand the aspects involved in this care becomes relevant, because the character of chronic disease requires constant monitoring, involvement of the patient and health professionals for the maintenance of blood glucose levels near of the normal, in order the prevention of sequel and complications of the disease. Based on this, the objective of this study was to know the knowledge and care practices of users with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus residents in rural area of the municipality of Capão do Cipó/RS, in cultural perspective. To elucidate the subject of this study was realized a qualitative and descriptive research, using the Observation-Participation-Reflection proposed by Leininger, the interviews and field diary. The qualitative data analysis was realized for the analysis Leininger, composed of four sequential phases consisting for the collection and documentation of raw data; identification of indicators and descriptors; contextual analysis and current standards; and the identification of issues and relevant findings of the search. As results have four main categories, which will be presented in article format: Article 1: "We live with it a whole life" experience with type-II diabetes mellitus in a rural community; Article 2: Care of patients with diabetes mellitus of a rural community: implications for nursing; Article 3: "Living under control": the everyday of those experiences type-II diabetes mellitus. So, it is expected that this study will contribute to reflections and discussions about the public policies that aimed a comprehensive care and improvement of the health conditions of the users with diabetes the reside in rural communities.