Conforto e desempenho térmico em hospitais: estudo de caso na área de internação do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/RS

Abstract

The hospital is room for reestablishment of health and therefore its environments should be comfortable and fit to this function, including thermal comfort. In this context, this paper presents a review of the conditions for thermal comfort and thermal performance in the inpatients bedrooms of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) city using measurements, site survey and computer simulation (DesignBuilder software). To analyze the thermal comfort, human and environmental variables were raised during the summer and winter of 2012, in four hospital bedrooms with east and west exposure, following the recommendations of ASHRAE 55 (2010). From the collected data, we calculated the PMV and PPD through Analysis 1.5 software. Analysis of degree-hours of discomfort with the data obtained from computational simulation was also performed. To evaluate the thermal performance tests were carried out by observing the damping and thermal flows, still analysis was performed closures and opaque areas of the ventilation parameters considering the simplified method proposed by NBR 15,575 (2013 ) The data found in measurements show that there is large temperature range in Santa Maria. As for thermal comfort, the results showed that the analyzed environments are comfortable for the winter period and uncomfortable for the summer period, showing that the air velocity improves comfort levels for internal temperatures up to 28° C. Another aspect found is that the thermal damping obtained demonstrates that the building has great thermal inertia, contributing to thermal comfort, especially in winter. As for thermal performance, the results of the simplified method demonstrate that the building meets the minimum performance criteria of ISO 15.575 (2013). In the simulation to analyze environments performance, through heat fluxes, the results showed that the greatest gains are achieved through occupation and the solar gains, while the largest losses occur by air infiltration. These data confirm the results obtained from analysis of thermal comfort. It is noted that solar gains are positive for the winter period and the infiltration is negative. However a minimal infiltration must be preserved to hygienic ventilation for the rooms. During summer time, the use of shading devices is crucial to reduce solar gain. It was also found that the solar orientation influences the thermal performance and comfort. Finally, in the case of HUSM, the window frames should be retrofitted to ensure hygienic ventilation in winter and for summer days, it is necessary to use artificial cooling, the need for which can be reduced by the implementation of a ventilation system with control of temperature and improvement in sun protection systems.