Estudo da associação dos efeitos da poluição do ar na saúde da população de Canoas/RS

Abstract

Air pollution may be due to various economic activities, as well as natural phenomena. Regardless of the generating factor, it influences the environment and quality of life of human beings. In addition to damage the fauna and flora, air pollution can affect people's health. In Brazil, the researchers are concentrated in the state of São Paulo, with few studies in other regions of the country. This study was realized in the city of Canoas/RS and aimed to analyze the association of pollutants (PM10, O3, CO, SO2) with the number of hospitalizations, in 2014, for respiratory diseases in under 14 and over 60 years. Negative Binomial regression was used due to the presence in over dispersed in the data. The relative risks were estimated (RR) for lags (Lag) up to seven days, and the relative percentage risk (RR%) to the increase of 10 mg/m³ of PM10 and increase of difference interquartile of other pollutants. It was observed that occurred in county of Canoas, 3080 hospitalizations by respiratory diseases, in greater numbers in the elderly, which is the main cause of death in the city. With the results of this study, it was possible to verify the association of PM10 (Lag 0, Lag 1 and Lag 3), O3 (Lag 0) and SO2 (Lag 5) with hospitalizations by respiratory diseases in children and adolescents, and CO (Lag 0, Lag 4, Lag 6 and Lag 7) and O3 (Lag 3), with the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the elderly. These results confirm strong evidence that air pollution is an important risk factor for the onset and worsening of respiratory problems in county of Canoas, stressing the need for effective action to reduce emissions.