Controlador por modos deslizantes de segunda ordem aplicado a um compensador síncrono estático de distribuição

Abstract

In the recent years we have seen that due scarcity of fossil fuels it becomes increasingly important the improvement of renewable energy such as micro hydro generation, solar energy, wind power and others. The reason for such importance is related to the consolidation of what has being called future in terms of power generation, which is based on power generation through decentralization of interconnected small generators and consumer centers. The distribution level, distributed on generation sources along with the loads connected to its bus, creates a microgrid. Depending on the instantaneous load and installed generation capacity a microgrid can behave as a consumption point or power generation at different times, being able to operate also connected to the network or isolated form according to the provided power quality or system needs in case of failure. A generation system based on a self-excited induction generator operates isolated meeting the microgrid demands. This type of electricity micro generation can answer a series of small loads by taking the advantage of the use of small waterfalls and also wind turbines, located outside major urban centers, mainly due to its characteristics of mechanical robustness and low cost when compared to synchronous machines. These energy resources can meet the need of rural properties that are not next to the electrical system, can also be a great solution for people living on islands and oil platforms. In this fashion this Master s Thesis deals with the study of a robust control based on sliding mode of a GIAE system for regulating voltage based on a static converter reactive distributed DSTATCOM. The frequency control was not covered in this in this research; however, the voltage regulation is performed from the control of reactive power assembly. This way the use of an implemented system containing a coupling motor-generator and a PWMinverter emulates the behavior of a hydro or wind micro power plant. The GIAE terminals feed a bus where are connected loads with different characteristics, featuring a microgrid, which aims to control the supply voltage stability from the generator to the isolated system. Throughout this dissertation, simulation and experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate the applicability method to control its performances and the technical feasibility of the system.