Propriedades tecnológicas de madeiras do gênero eucalyptus submetida a termorretificação em óleo vegetal

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment in vegetable oil in physical, mechanical, chemical and surface property of the wooden whose two species of the genus Eucalyptus. Initially, we selected six trees, three of which belong for Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell species and the others to the Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, which gave surce to the samples of physical and mechanical tests. Perform were 20 treatments distributed between the two species, three times (2, 4 and 6 hours) and three temperatures (160, 190 and 220°C), more the control treatments. To the termorretificação was used oil bath laboratory and for drying of the samples, we used a forced circulating air kiln. The analyzes physical evaluated were weight change, equilibrium moisture content, density and hygroscopicity of wood. In mechanical tests was evaluated static and dynamic bending and Janka hardness. Quantity were colorimetric changes, both on the surface and in the center of the parts and the chemical analysis was qualitative lye valuated by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The results showed that the process of thermal treatment changed signifivantly the physical properties and is the most severe treatment (220°C) the greatest changes; such changes have incriased dimensional stability and decreased hygroscopicity of wood. The modulus of rupture and Janka hardness decreased after thermal treatment application, alredy the modulus of elasticity hadn´t change. The colorimetric provided the color homogenization, in addition to providing a tropical tone treated wood, benefiting its application in aesthetic purposes. Through the technique of ATR - IR was possible to identify the main chemical elements changed by process of thermal treatment as hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and extractives, which were the basis for the explanation of the changes occurring in the wood. In general, the process thermal treatment vegetable oil applied to the Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus cloeziana caused significant modifications, which could provide the use of wood treated in environments unsuitable prior to its use.