Poluição do ar por material particulado no bairro Centro de Santa Maria/RS: uma análise a partir de variáveis geourbanas e geocológicas

Abstract

The purpose of this research is verified the concentration of particulate matter in the principals streets and avenues of Centro district of Santa Maria city/RS, making an association between geoecological conditions and the local urban structure. The specifics purposes are (a) make a zoning of Centro district s principals streets and avenues with their deposition potential of particulate matter. (b) Estimate the quantity of particulate matter emitted and its temporal variation through the years studied. (c) Quantified the bus fluxes in the streets and avenues researched, and others streets that have a significance flux; therefore a mapping of the principals traffics rote in the Center neighborhood can be made. (d) Correlate the occurrence of the principals atmospheric weather s type with the particulate emissions index stocked in FEPAM/RS s data basis. The research methodology was characterized for the environmental zoning s elaboration in the Centro district with focus on the air's quality. Lately, an investigation of particulate matter was made, using field work and secondary data related to inhale particulate matter, consulted in FEPAM/RS. The third stage consists in an intersection between particulate matter s data and the zoning map, with the intention of establish possible correlations and test the environmental zoning s efficiencies. The last stage consists in analyses the datas intersectioned relative to particulate matter concentrations suitable with what was pre-establish in the environmental zoning. Was verified that if the depositions were very differenced accordant to local collection, therefore, it wasn t possible to establish one relation that evidences the depositions level with the year s period. The investigation of the relation between inhalable particulate matters and habitual succession of atmospheric weather s type, it demonstrated the existence of a big correlation of day s concentration number up to 50 μg/m³ with winter s mouths for Santa Maria city. For this case we can say that the vehicles fluxes consisted in the principal factor that collaborated to air s quality deterioration.