Proposta de padronização cartográfica para carta- imagem emergencial de inundação

Abstract

Although there are cartographic norms that guide map creation, there is no standardization for thematic maps. Then, most of them are usually made in accordance with the freedom of the professional. So, the aim of this work is to propose a cartographic standardization for flood emergencial charter-image. For this purpose, about 60 flood charter-image and maps made by several institutions, programs and projects, such as the Disasters Charter, UNOSAT and mappings from theses, dissertations, undergraduation final papers, and others were analyzed. A questionnaire was also applied to several professionals who work with maps in different ways, with different themes, being 33 of them answered. The points used in the analysis of the maps and the questionnaire are quite similar, allowing a relationship between them. We noticed that the flood charters-image and maps differ on many issues, deficiencies were observed, such as lack of elements (title, scale, datum, projection, north, source, etc.), mistakes, besides the lack of a standard, i.e., the maps are heterogeneous. For the creation of cartographic standardization of this research, some images were used, such as LANDSAT-5/TM and LANDSAT-7/ETM+ images, available on the Division of Imaging website DGI of INPE. After receiving, the bands 5(R), 4(G) and 3(B) were used and a colorful combination was carried out in ArcGIS software. The images were georeferenced and the thematic ones were drawn in AutoCAD software. The final art was done in CorelDRAW software, resulting in two charters-image at medium scales (1:40.000 and 1:1000.000). After the development of the first two proposed of standardization for flood emergencial image charter, we realized it was necessary to make one more work for a small scale (1:500,000). For this, we used MODIS images, of the satellite TERRA, available in the Quick Message System of MODIS (MODIS Rapid Response System) webpage, with colorful combination of bands 7(R), 2(G) and 4(B). With this image, the same procedures were performed from LANDSAT images. As a result, this research has a proposal of cartographic standardization, which aims to the homogeneity charters-image areas that present the phenomenon of flood, in an attempt to standardize the thematic, facilitating studies.