Principais obstáculos para integração dos portadores de necessidades especiais nas escolas da Rede Pública Estadual de Passo Fundo – RS

Abstract

Although the Brazilian Constitution guarantees, officially, the rights of the deficient physicists to live in society and to have right to the education, as citizens who are, the architecture of the building of the education institutions generally do not allow such possibility. According to effective educational legislation, to all children must be guaranteed the access, permanence and success in the school. But, in the practical this it does not happen, therefore the mentioned "inclusion" of the necessity carrier is stigma by not having conditions for its access and permanence in the schools, being responsible for the great index of pertaining to school evasion. The ideal would be that the schools supplied the minimum conditions of accessibility. In this work it was objectified to observe if the institutions of the state net of education of the city of Passo Fundo are adapted to take care of the necessities of the carriers of physical deficiency. The used methodology strategy in this research was the study of case of descriptive character, therefore it treats to describe the facts on the architecture of the schools and the accessibility of the carrying pupils of necessities special of the state net of education of Passo Fundo/RS. After identified the schools in potentials for this research (it more than determined schools with 500 pupils), visits for the team of researchers with the purpose had been carried through to carry through an interview with the directors of the schools and to observe environments of the school. Being thus, 22 schools located in the urban zone of the city of Passo Fundo/RS had been visited. How much to the question of the structure of the building of the searched institutions of education, it was verified that 50% of the schools have building, what allows one better circulation on the part of the carrying pupils of necessities special, and 50% of the schools have building with 2 or 3 floors, making with that the stairs are a great factor of limitation to the pupils with necessities special. Of this, 41% present 2 floors and 9% three floors. In the searched schools slopes in the main accesses in 50% of the schools had not been found, or either, in 11 schools and the same number of schools presented differences of level in the main accesses, thus making it difficult the access of the special carriers of necessity. The searched schools, this year of 2004, 14,820 pupils, being of these only 14 are registered are carrying of necessities special. He verified himself that of the 22 searched schools 15 schools have special carrying pupils of registered necessities, or either, 68% of the schools. How much to the difficulties found for the schools the cited problems had been: lack of preparation of the faculty; difficulties of adaptations of the physical structure for the lack of resources and the reduced number of PNE; Unfamiliarity of the specificity’s of each case and natural difficulty to work with the different one. It can be verified that great part of the institutions of education of the urban zone of Passo Fundo is not adapted the Deficient Physicists. One evidenced that some carrying pupils of physical deficiency had left to frequent the schools because these did not supply the minimum conditions of accessibility.