Fatores de risco psicossociais e engajamento no trabalho: um estudo com militares da Força Aérea Brasileira de Santa Maria-RS

Abstract

This study was developed with the purpose of analyzing the perception of the military, related to aspects of Engagement at Work and Psychosocial Risk Factors (PRF) that trigger occupational stress. For that, a descriptive research was carried out, with survey and quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 382 military personnel at the Santa Maria Air Force Base, located in Rio Grande do Sul state, and currently known as Ala 4. Then was engaged a research protocol consisted of three parts: demographic and professional partner data, Engagement at Work scale (UWES), from Angst, Benevides-Pereira and Porto-Martins (2009) and the Psychosocial Risk Factors scale (HSE-IT), validated by Lucca et al. (2013). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, standardization of scales, Pearson Correlation and correspondence analysis. In this study was shown the prevalence of male military personnel (93.46%), with a mean age between 21 and 30 years old (37.43%), married (54.71%), high school (37.70%) and without children (65.18%). As for the socio-professional profile, it is constituted by military personnel who have up to 5 years (68.06%) of action at Ala 4, and the Security and Defense Squadron was the sector with the largest number of respondents (24.35%). Airmen are the majority of the sample, which total 38.48%, with income between 1 to 3 minimum wages (37.70%) and 40 hours weekly load. When analyzing the reliability of the scales, we found α of 0.92 for the UWES scale, classified as Strong index and α 0.76 for the HSE-IT scale, being considered an acceptable index. In the identification of the possible incidence of Engagement at Work, there are high average indices in the aspects of Engagement at Work, highlighting the highest average for Dedication. In the identification of the possible incidence of PRF, the factors did not present risks to the sample, however, the Control (25.88%), Demand (18.59%) and Management support (16.02%) were the ones that obtained the highest indicative of occupational stress. By means of the general standardization of the scales, High Engagement Index was verified, showing that 73.82% of the military consider themselves highly engaged in their work. From the results, it is inferred that these two facts may be being experienced and perceived by the participant sample. Regarding Pearson's parametric correlation test, the relationship between Work Engagement and PRF was investigated, in which strong and positive correlations were found for all aspects of Engagement at Work. In PRF, the only dimension to register strong and positive correlations with stress was the Head Support. Correspondence analysis showed high association for Engagement in Work and Moderate association for the FRP in the military of the sample, demonstrating that occasionally stressful events may occur even when engaged, a normal circumstance for the military contexto. These results confirm, once again, that these two situations are experienced and perceived by the military.