Estudo da atenuação da concentração de poluentes em lagoas de estabilização tratando lixiviado de aterro sanitário

Abstract

Solid waste landfills are an appropriate and environmentally friendly disposal in the current solid waste management model. The biological degradation process of solid waste generates a percolating liquid product of variable composition and flow with a high polluting potential denominated leachate. The specificity of the leachate characteristics makes it difficult to treat, especially in biological processes. In this context, this present study evaluated the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the raw leachate as well as the attenuation of pollutants in a stabilization pond system, composed of Anaerobic Pond, Aerated Pond 1, Aerated Pond 2 and Polishing Pond from a solid waste landfill located in Saudades/SC in order to determine the individual efficiency of several treatment processes and the entire station. The study was carried out through the statistical analysis of existing data from 2002 to 2017, as a result of the monitoring of the Leachate Treatment Station. The results in box plot graphs showed the concentrations of parameters throughout the treatment, demonstrating that the system has an average removal efficiency of 58.9% for BOD, 50.9% COD, 37.4% Ammoniacal Nitrogen and 53.1% Total Nitrogen. Regarding the series of solids, the system obtained low performance. Regarding heavy metals, despite the low composition in the raw leachate, the system allowed for good reductions. In general, better efficiencies were observed in Anaerobic Pond and Aerated Pond 1. In contrary, Aerated Pond 2 and Polishing Pond have not operated according to their desired treatment purposes.