Avaliação da frequência de pneumonia enzoótica suína em granja com baixa tecnificação através de monitorias de abate, clínica e laboratorial

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Swine Enzootic Pneumonia (PES), in an independent system of pig production, with a low degree of technification and high losses in the refrigerator. The frequency of ESP was assessed through slaughter, clinical and laboratory monitoring, comprising three stages (monitoring) called periods: P1, P2 and P3. Stage I included the analysis of the slaughter reports provided by the Municipal Inspection System (S.I.M.) of Santa Maria - RS, and at the same time slaughter monitoring was carried out at the Sabor Gaúcho Swine Fridge - Santa Maria - RS. Stage II began with the determination of the profile of the farm that supplied the pigs to the aforementioned slaughterhouse and, afterwards, three clinical monitors were performed. In these clinical monitoring, general data were collected, providing guidance on measures for the prevention and control of ESP. In addition, “coughing and sneezing counts” of the day care and termination lots were carried out. In Step III, samples / fragments of the lungs with suspected lesions of ESP were collected at the time of slaughter and sent to the MicroVet of Viçosa - Minas Gerais and to the LABAC of UFSM, for bacteriological and molecular diagnosis. The mean PES in P3 was 38.54% higher (p <0.05) than P1. The mean frequency of Pulmonary Emphysema (PE) in P3 was 59.13% higher (p <0.05) than in P1. The number of Lung Adhesions (AP) did not differ (p> 0.05) between P1, P2 and P3. As for the frequency of Pulmonary Hepatization (PH), P3 was 48.80% higher (p <0.05) than P1. Regarding the average frequency of Craniodorsal Lung Injuries (LLC), P3 was 48.26% higher (p <0.05) than P1. The average frequency of Disseminated Injuries (LD) and the Pneumonia Index (PPI) did not differ (p> 0.05) between the three periods evaluated. On the other hand, in the termination phase, the frequency of Coughing and Sneezing was 37.56% (p <0.05) higher in P1 compared to P3. The frequency of coughing and sneezing assessed at the day care center (CF) did not differ (p> 0.05) between periods. The samples sent to MicroVet were positive for M. hyopneumoniae, Influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida type A. In the samples sent to LABAC, the mean PCRmo (PCR for identification of mollicutes) did not differ (p> 0.05) in the analyzed periods, although the presence of DNA from bacteria of the Mollicutes class has been confirmed in the fragments. In addition, the mean results of PCRmy (PCR to identify M. hyopneumoniae) also did not differ (p> 0.05), although they were positive for M. hyopneumoniae. Finally, the frequency of ESP was confirmed through slaughter, clinical and laboratory monitoring. Thus, the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other pathogens of respiratory diseases can be correlated with the performance of pigs on the farm and the quality of the batches delivered to the slaughterhouse.